Kangkareng Sulawesi (Penelopides Exarhatus)

Kangkareng Sulawesi (Penelopides Exarhatus)

This kangkareng family is a type of bird that is classified as vulnerable (VU; vulnerable) based on the IUCN red list and Appendix II according to CITES. Its protection is regulated in Law No. 5/1990, PP No. 7/1999 and PermenLHK RI No. P.20 / Menlhk / Setjen / Kum.1 / 6/2018 concerning Types of Plants and Animals Protected.

SPREAD AND HABITAT

Sulawesi Kangkareng is a species of bird that is popular with local people. They usually inhabit primary forests, forest edges, swamp forests and high secondary forests; from sea level to a height of about 700 m. This endemic bird occupies the island of Sulawesi and is divided into two subspecies. The distribution includes: R. e. exarhatus is in North Sulawesi, North Sulawesi south to Kulawi and Lake Lindu and Lembeh Island, then R. e. Sanfordi is in South Sulawesi, Muna Island, Buton Island and the southern part of Togean Island

IDENTIFICATION

Because it is small ± 53 cm in size, the Sulawesi Kangkareng is often referred to as the Dwarf Kangkareng. His body is black, while his tail and back meet green. In male individuals, the face and throat are yellow, whereas in female individuals, the face and throat are black.

Of the two Sulawesi Kangkareng subspecies, each has its own characteristics. R. e. exarhatus: male lower jaw has black stripes and R. e. sanfordi: the lower jaw of the male is black in color

FEED

85% of the main food of Sulawesi Kangkareng is fruit and the rest are small animals, especially invertebrates; non-vertebrate animals. These birds also often find food in the middle of the canopy of fruiting trees. During their search, they usually group up to dozens of individuals, then perch on a banyan tree species (Ficus spp).

BREEDING

Sulawesi Kangkareng often live in small groups of 2-10 individuals (average 4), whose role is to protect the group's territory and help one another in its breeding process. Even in this group, more than one couple can be found breeding.

Breeding season starts in March-April. Females will enclose themselves in tree holes to incubate eggs. The male couple is in charge of providing food, both for the mother and her children. The number of eggs is usually 2-3 eggs.

THREAT

The decline in the population of Kangkareng Sulawesi is caused by habitat destruction, forest fires, hunting, and gold mining. Moreover, forests in Sulawesi have lost 16.9% in ten years during the 1985-1997 period and 36.1% in 1997-2001.

In 1978-1979, the population of Sulawesi Kangkareng experienced a decline due to outbreaks of disease transmitted by domestic poultry.

DO YOU KNOW?

Although small in size, the range of Sulawesi Kangkareng can reach 100 km2.

Source : https://rangkong.org